Dr.Neil Spector zelf ziek -ziek van Lyme

Neil Spector - film - zelf ziek. Harttransplantatie - ziek van Lyme.

http://www.pbs.org/video/2365500117/

Neil Lee Spector, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine

Sandra Coates Associate Professor

Associate Professor of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology

Member of the Duke Cancer Institute

Campus mail Ste 601, Hock Plaza, Box_2714 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710

Phone (919) 684-0409

Email address neil.spector@duke.edu

 

https://medicine.duke.edu/faculty/neil-lee-spector-md

 

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I wanted to write my book, one, because I realized that there were other people out there who are suffering, and there’s a lot more that we don’t know than we know about this disease and that there are people who don’t fit the classic mold of a bull’s-eye rash and a tick bite and that I’m an example of somebody who is a physician scientist who was dismissed as being stressed when in fact I had a serious, life-threatening infection that almost took my life.”

 

http://www.bayarealyme.org/blog/story/neil-spector/

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Cysten, diverse kanker, tumoren, laesies

“In many of my [Lyme] patients, cysts are found not uncommonly in various locations: thyroid, breast, liver, bone, ovary, skin, pineal gland, and kidney. … LD can cause an interstitial cystis leading to bladder pain relieved by urination. A neurogenic bladder can develop with either hesitancy, frequency, loss of bladder awareness, urinary retention, incontinence or the symptoms of UTI (urinary tract infection).”  

Bleiweiss, J. MD.  When To Suspect Lyme Disease, 1994. 

http://thehumansideoflyme.net/viewarticle.php?aid=65

“Infections provoke an immune response from the body. Part of this response is inflammation. Inflamed tissues swell, redden, and leak fluids full of chemical signals to the immune system. … But Karin stresses the observation that more than one in five cancers worldwide is linked to long-term infections. … Eric Jacobs, PhD, senior epidemiologist for the American Cancer Society in Atlanta, agrees that several kinds of cancer are linked to infections.”

By Denoon, Daniel J.  Missing Link Ties Cancer to Chronic Infection Major Finding Could Lead to 20% Drop in Cancers  Health News Aug. 5, 2004   

http://www.webmd.com/cancer/news/20040805/missing-link-ties-cancer-to-chronic-infection

 

“A growing body of research suggests that a number of viruses, bacteria, and parasites cause cancer in humans, thus providing new possibilities for treatment and prevention of cancer. In 1997, the World Health Organization estimated that up to 84% of cases of some cancers are attributable to viruses, bacteria, and parasites and that more than 1.5 million (15%) new cases each year could be avoided by preventing the infectious disease associated with them. … The pathogenic mechanisms by which infectious agents cause cancer have not been resolved but they appear to be diverse. … This finding not only suggests a causal role but that treatment of a bacterial infection can actually result in regression of cancer.”   

Cassell, GH.  Infectious Causes of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer Emerging Infectious Diseases.  National Center for Infectious Diseases.  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA. Vol 4, #3, July-September 1998.  

http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol4no3/cassell.htm

 

“We concluded that women with endometriosis are more likely to have chronic fatigue syndrome, systemic lupus erythematous, Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and other autoimmune inflammatory and endocrine diseases. A review of the literature confirms the uniqueness of the co-existence of Lyme disease in women with endometriosis in these cases.”  

I. M. Matalliotakis‌, et al. Endometriosis-associated Lyme.  Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece

 

“Infection by bacteria, parasites or viruses and tissue inflammation such as gastritis, hepatitis and colitis are recognized risk factors for human cancers at various sites. … Studies on the type of tissue and DNA damage produced by NO and by other reactive oxygen species are shedding new light on the molecular mechanisms by which chronic inflammatory processes may initiate or enhance carcinogenesis in humans.”  

 

Ohshima H, Bartsch H.  Chronic infections and inflammatory processes as cancer risk factors: possible role of nitric oxide in carcinogenesis.  Unit of Environmental Carcinogens and Host Factors, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. Mutat Res. 1994 Mar 1;305(2):253-64.

 

“A surfeit of PGE-2, free radicals, altered fat metabolism and general immunosuppression by LD may contribute to a predilection (stimulate or predispose) for oncogenesis (forming cancer). Carcinomas are not unknown in LD: melanoma, thyroid cancer, and lymphoma have been published. Free radicals, by engendering connective tissue cross-linking, could be responsible for intra-abdominal adhesions to form, and for some LD patients to appear older than their stated age, or have a haggard facial appearance.” 

 

Bleiweiss, J. MD.  When To Suspect Lyme Disease, 1994. 

 

http://thehumansideoflyme.net/viewarticle.php?aid=65

 

“Chronic infection leads to inflammation, and chronic inflammation promotes cancer growth.” Sat Dharam Kaur.  The Link Between Infection, Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, February 2006.

“At the present time, the etiology of epithelial ovarian cancer is poorly understood. It has recently been recognized that certain chronic infectious agents may contribute to carcinogenesis by inducing a state of persistent inflammation.  Since the female upper genital tract is a frequent site of chronic infections, we propose various strategies that may be useful for determining the potential role of chronic infection and persistent inflammation in the pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer.”  

 

Quirk JT, Kupinski JM. Chronic infection, inflammation, and epithelial ovarian cancer.  Department of Cancer Prevention, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA. Med Hypotheses. 2001 Oct;57(4):426-8.

“The observation of a Brucella-infected ovarian dermoid cyst, which has not been previously reported, illustrates the importance of localized brucellosis as a cause of persistent infection despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy.” M. Uwaydah¹ , A. Khalil³, N. Shamsuddine², F. Matar³ and G. F. Araj⁴  Brucella-infected ovarian dermoid cyst causing initial treatment failure in a patient with acute brucellosis.  Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology.  February 2010, Vol. 30, No. 2, Pages 184-186.

 

“Research suggests that a compromised immune system is a major contributor to the development of cancer…. Recent research has linked the presence of various infections as the trigger of cancer, for example HPV infections and cervical cancer, candida and breast cancer, and Chlamydia and Lymphoma. In these cases, infections are usually present because the immune system is compromised. Because a tumor grows into and disrupts surrounding tissue, decreased circulation to certain areas occur with provides the perfect low-oxygen environment where infections flourish.  Data has shown that when the infection is treated, cancer progression stops.” 

 

Alternative Ovarian Cancer Facts & Information.  Sunridge Medical Wellness Center, Scottsdale, AZ. 

 

 http://www.sunridgemedical.com/Ovarian_Cancer

 

“More recently, Borrelia burgdorferi and Campylobacter jejuni have been linked to MALT-type lymphomas involving the skin and small intestine, respectively (4, 5).  Jaffe ES.  Common threads of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma pathogenesis: from infection to translocation. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004 Apr 21;96(8):571-3.

“Specific DNA sequences of Borrelia burgdorferi were identified in cutaneous lesions from 9 patients (follicle center lymphoma: 3/20; immunocytoma: 3/4; marginal zone B-cell lymphoma: 2/20; diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: 1/6). Specificity was confirmed by Southern blot hybridisation in all positive cases. We could show that Borrelia burgdorferi DNA is present in skin lesions from a small proportion of patients (18%) with various types of CBCL. Our results may have therapeutic implications. In analogy to Helicobacter pylori-associated MALT-lymphomas, which in some cases can be cured by eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection, a proportion of CBCL may be cured with antibiotic therapy against Borrelia burgdorferi. Although yet speculative, adequate antibiotic treatment for patients with primary CBCL should be considered before more aggressive therapeutic options are applied, particularly in countries where infection by Borrelia burgdorferi is endemic. PCR analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA is a fast test that should be performed in all patients with CBCL to identify those who more likely could benefit from an early antibiotic treatment.”

“In addition, serious signs of liver damage, like cirrhosis or cancer, may not appear until as long as 20 years after the infection began. … Near the end of the 20th century, researchers began to learn that microbes also contribute to many chronic diseases and conditions. Mounting scientific evidence strongly links them to some forms of cancer, coronary artery disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, autism, and chronic lung diseases.”

Microbes in Sickness and in Health -- Publications, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: NIAID. National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, MD 20892

Cerroni L, Zochling N, Putz B, Kerl H. Infection by Borrelia burgdorferi and cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. J Cutan Pathol 1997;24:457–61.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]

 

“These results show that, at least in some instances, PCBCL arises from chronically stimulated lymphoid tissue acquired in the skin in response to B. burgdorferi infection. This may have significant therapeutic implications and warrant further studies on the extent of this association.” 

 

Goodlad JR, Davidson MM, Hollowood K, Batstone P, Ho-Yen DO. Borrelia burgdorferi-associated cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma: a clinicopathological study of two cases illustrating the temporal progression of B. burgdorferi-associated B-cell proliferation in the skin.  

 

Histopathology. 2000 Dec;37(6):501-8.

 

“B. burgdorferi-specific DNA was detected in seven of 20 lymphoma cases (five of 12 marginal zone lymphomas, one of five primary cutaneous follicle center cell lymphomas, one of three diffuse, large B-cell lymphomas of the leg) and in one melanoma reexcision patient of 40 control subjects. The relationship between B. burgdorferi and PCBCL was significant when compared with the control groups separately (p <0.05) or in combination (p <0.01). These results provide strong evidence to support the concept of B. burgdorferi-driven lymphomagenesis in the skin.” 

 

Goodlad JR, Davidson MM, Hollowood K, Ling C, MacKenzie C, Christie I, Batstone PJ, Ho-Yen DO.  Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma and Borrelia burgdorferi infection in patients from the Highlands of Scotland.  Am J Surg Pathol. 2000 Sep;24(9):1279-85.

 

“Neuroborreliosis was suspected due to epidemiologic history (a tick bite, erythema migrans), general symptoms (fatigue, hypersomnia, apathy, dysmnesia, concentration disorders) and neurological symptoms, seropositive tests for Borrelia burgdorferi in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (IgG), increased protein concentration in cerebrospinal fluid. Owing to the fact that the serologic criteria of neuroborreliosis were not fulfilled, and other symptoms (loss of consciousness) appeared, CT was done. The CT showed the presence of a tumor in the longitudinal fissure of the brain, which, after intraoperative and histopathological examination, was defined as meningioma.”

 

Biesiada G, Kalinowska-Nowak A.  [The coexistence of an intracranial tumor and a positive epidemiologic history of Lyme borreliosis as the reason for diagnostic problems--case report]  Przegl Lek. 1999;56(10):682-3.

 

“Data were recorded on a total of 1797 individual patients: …The 30 most commonly treated complaints were… psoriatic arthropathy; urticaria; ovarian cancer…”  

 

Thompson EA, et al. Towards standard setting for patient-reported outcomes in the NHS homeopathic hospitals.  Bristol Homeopathic Hospital, Bristol, UK.

 

“In conclusion there appears to be a clustering of positive serology for Lyme disease Borrelias in PCBCL patients possibly related to an ethiopathogenic relationship. Mechanisms of Borrelia escape from immunosurveillance mechanisms, persistence of both their mitogenic and antigenic stimuli for B-cells, and SALT formation may be involved in the pathogenesis of a subset of PCBCL.” 

 

Positive serology for Lyme disease borrelias in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: a study in 22 patients; is it a fortuitous finding?  Jelić S, Filipović-Ljesković I. Hematol Oncol. 1999 Sep;17(3):107-16.

 

“As novel pathogens and previously described pathogens are revealed as the causative agents for some of these conditions, new diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic modalities may emerge, transforming some diseases from idiopathic and chronic, to infectious and curable.”

 

Infectious agents and the etiology of chronic idiopathic diseases.  Fredricks DN, Relman DA.  Curr Clin Top Infect Dis. 1998;18:180-200.

 

“We report two patients with low-grade malignant primary cutaneous B cell lymphoma in association with Borrelia burgdorferi infection.”

 

 Kütting B, Bonsmann G, Metze D, Luger TA, Cerroni L.  Borrelia burgdorferi-associated primary cutaneous B cell lymphoma: complete clearing of skin lesions after antibiotic pulse therapy or intralesional injection of interferon alfa-2a.  J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997 Feb;36(2 Pt 2):311-4.

 

“The modern data concerning major factors of the Bartonellae virulence and host-bacteria interactions were considered and discussed in this article. The induction of the type IV secretion system, effector protein transmission, inhibition of the endothelial cells apoptosis, and induction of their proliferation lead to formation of new blood vessels and tumors.” 

 

[Interaction of bacteria of the genus Bartonella with the host: inhibition of apoptosis, induction of proliferation, and formation of tumors].  Il'ina TS, Bashkirov VN. Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol. 2008;(3):3-11.

 

“We present a 60-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and neutropenic fever caused by bacillary angiomatosis.” 

 

Bacillary angiomatosis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.  Petersen K, Earhart KC, Wallace MR.  Infection. 2008 Oct;36(5):480-4. Epub 2007 Dec 28.

 

“Most remarkably, bartonellae can trigger massive proliferation of endothelial cells, leading to vascular tumour formation. The recent availability of infection models and bacterial molecular genetic techniques has fostered research on the pathogenesis of the bartonellae and has advanced our understanding of the virulence mechanisms that underlie the host-cell tropism, the subversion of host-cell functions during bacterial persistence, as well as the formation of vascular tumours by these intriguing pathogens.” 

 

Bartonella-host-cell interactions and vascular tumour formation.  Dehio C.  Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005 Aug;3(8):621-31.

 

“An analogy for the existence of these individual steps is considered in connection with the development of cancer. The transformations of eukaryotic cells occur in particular in the type IV secretion system, i.e. involving the simultaneous transmission of DNA and protein from bacterial cells to eukaryotic cells. Thus, transfected cells facilitate the indefinite growth of tissue cells and additionally produce growth factors, triggering further bacterial multiplication. The higher numbers of bacteria then produce more transfection and the cycle repeats as long as the host lives. The main limiting factor is the frequency of bacterial infection, while the secondary rate-limiting factors are the levels of transforming growth factors and factors triggering bacteria growth.

 

CONCLUSIONS: Analogous processes are probably responsible for the tumor induction by the three different bacterial species; however, the critical points for eradication are different. The early eradication or limitation of B. henselae or H. pylori can prevent hemangiomas, stomach cancer and malignant cell proliferation. The crown gall formation by A. tumefaciens can only be avoided by prevention of the transforming activity of a single bacterial infection.” 

 

Bacterial models for tumor development. Mini-review.  Gyémánt N, Molnár A, Spengler G, Mándi Y, Szabó M, Molnár J.  Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung. 2004;51(3):321-32.

 

 

 

Lyme Disease Transmission

Lyme Disease Transmission

 

• Modes other than ticks
• Blood-sucking insects, such as mosquitoes, flies, fleas and mites
• Transplacental transmission
• Contact with infected urine and other bodily fluids from infected animals
• Transmission via blood, tissue and organ donation
• Sexual transmission

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Modes other than Ticks

Scientific studies support potential alternate modes of transmission; however these potential transmission sources have not been fully researched. A small selection of available research is offered below.

Blood-sucking insects, such as mosquitoes, flies, fleas and mites

Dr Steven Luger reported in The New England Journal of Medicine a case in which a patient was bitten by a large fly and presented 13 days later with Lyme symptoms. These were resolved via pharmaceutical treatment.

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199006143222415

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http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199006143222415

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A German study of patients with Lyme arthritis identified evidence, through serological test for antibodies to the causative spirochete, that one patient had contracted the disease from a fly.‘Lyme arthritis: Clinical features, serological and radiographic findings of cases in Herzer P, Wilske B, Preac-Mursic V, G Schierz, Schattenkirchner M, & Zollner N. 1986, Lyme Arthritis: Clinical Features, Serological, and Radiographic Findings of Cases in Germany, Klinische Wochenschrift 64:206-215.

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01711648#page-1

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26631488 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------http://www.aaem.pl/pdf/aaem0208.pdf -----------------------------------------------------------------------------dr Dietrich Klinghardt http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2012/10/13/under-our-skin-documentary.aspx -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Occurrence of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in different genera of mosquitoes (Culicidae) in Central Europe

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877959X15300327
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A French study of four Lyme patients ascertained that only one was bitten by a tick; the researchers suggested that two of the patients may have contracted the disease from a mosquito or biting fly.Doby JM, Chastel C, Couatarmanac’h A, Cousanca C, Chevrant-Breton J, Martin A, Legay B & Guiquen C. 1985, Etiologic and epidemiologic questions posed by erythema chronicum migrans and Lyme disease, Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales 78(4):512-525.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4075471

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Borrelia burgdorferi was identified in 13 species of mites, 15 species of flies and two species fleas.Pokornỳ P. 1989, Incidence of the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi in arthopods (Arthropoda) and antibodies in vertebrates (Vertebrata), Cesk Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 38(1):52-60.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2646031

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A study identified Borrelia spirochetes in mosquitoes and fleas.Hubálek Z, Halouzka J & Juřicová Z. 1998, Investigation of haematophagous arthropods for borreliae – summarised data 1988-1996, Folia Parasitologica 45: 67-72.

http://folia.paru.cas.cz/pdfs/fol/1998/01/11.pdf

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Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes identifiedin mosquitoes and flies.Magnarelli LA & Anderson JF. 1988, Tick and biting insects infected with the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi, J. Clin. Microbiol. 26(8):1482.

http://jcm.asm.org/content/26/8/1482.full.pdf

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Borrelia afzelii spirochetes identified in female mosquitoes of the genus Culex, Aedes and Anopheles.Zákovská A, Capková L, Serỳ O, Halouzka J & Dendis M. 2006,Isolation of Borrelia afzelii from Overwintering Culex Pipiens Biotype Molestus Mosquitoes, Ann Agric Environ Med. 13(2):345-348.

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s150100050029#page-1

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Transplacental transmission

 The issue of transplacental (mother to child in utero) transmission is raised in the LDAA’s formal response to DoH Scoping Study on Lyme disease (page 16) from Gardner T. 2001, ‘Lyme disease’ in J Remington & JO Klein (eds), Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant, 5th edn. Philidelphia, WB Saunders; 519-641

http://www.lymedisease.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/20140129LDAAScopingStudyResponse.pdf

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A compilation of peer-reviewed journal articles indicating that Lyme could be contracted in utero is available on the LDAA website.

http://www.lymedisease.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/peer-reviewed-journal-articles-regarding-transplacental-transmission-of-lyme.pdf

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Contact with urine and other bodily fluids from infected animals

The potential for humans to contract Lyme disease via an infected mammal is an area that has yet to be fully researched, however remains of concern to the LDAA and Lyme patients.

There is ample evidence of Borrelia in mammals reported in Australian and overseas research:

An Australian study found Borrelia spirochetes in cattle, rodents, kangaroos and bandicoots. Mackerras MJ. 1959, The haematozoa of Australian mammals. Aust J Zool. vol. 7: 105-135.

http://www.publish.csiro.au/zo/ZO9590105

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An Australian study identified a new species of Borrelia (B. queenslandica), in the blood of rats. Carley JG & Pope JH. 1962, A new species of Borrelia (B. queenslandica) from Rattus Villosissimus in Queensland, Aust J Exp Biol. Vol. 40:255-262.

http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038/icb.1962.29

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Borrelia antibodies were identified in 22 mammalian species, including carnivores and rodents.

Pokornỳ P. 1989, Incidence of the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi in arthopods (Arthropoda) and antibodies in vertebrates (Vertebrata), Cesk Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 38(1):52-60.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2646031

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Evidence of Borrelia found in systemically ill cats and dogs in the UK. Shaw SE, BInns SH, Birtles RJ, Day MJ, Smithson R & Kenny MJ. 2005, Molecular evidence of tick-transmitted infections in dogs and cats in the United Kingdom, Vet Rec Nov 19; 157(21): 645-648.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16299364%20

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Positive ELISA results for Borrelia antibodies in horses. Sorensen K, Neely DP, Grappell PM & Reed W. 1990, Lyme disease antibodies in thoroughbred broodmares, correlation to early pregnancy failure, Equine Vet J, 10(3): 166-168.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S073708060680153X

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Transmission of Borrelia from animals to humans could theoretically occur via exposure to their urine, blood, semen, colostrums or synovial fluid, as detailed below.

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The LDAA Australian patient report (2012), page 12, Table 2 and page 14, Table 4 included respondents nominating other suspected modes of transmission via animals including, urine, saliva and milk.

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Live Borrelia burgdorferi was isolated in the blood and urine of white-footed mice. The authors reported that "Spirochetes remained viable for 18-24 hours in urine." Bosler EM & Schulze TL. 1986, The prevalence and significance of Borrelia burgdorferi in the urine of feral reservoir hosts, Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikroboil Hyg A., Dec; 263(1-2): 40-44.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3577491

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Borrelia burgdorferi was isolated in the blood of a dog three and four weeks post infection. Cerri D, Farina R, Andreani E, Nuvoloni R, Pedrini A & Cardini G. 1994, Experimental infection of dogs with Borrelia burgdorferi, Res Vet Sci, 57(2): 256-258.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7817018

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Horse and cow blood, cow colostrums, cow urine and cow synovial fluids found to be Borrelia burgdorferi culture positive. Burgess EC. 1998, Borrelia burgdorferi infection in Wisconsin horses and cows, Ann N Y Acad Sci, 539:235-243.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3190095

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The West Australian Lyme Association's submission in response to the DoH Scoping Study on Lyme Disease explores the potential role of livestock and their reproductive products in transporting (and possibly transmitting) Lyme disease, including:

Limited screening of imported livestock through quarantine process (Pages 5-6).

Screening process in interstate transport of livestock is not always adequate (Page 6).

Potential for Borrelia to survive in imported frozen semen and ova (P 9-10). Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes were found to have a mean viability of 90%+ after being frozen at minus-196 Celsius for 12 weeks. ‘Viability of Borrelia burgdorferi in Stored Semen’, Kumi-Diaka, J. and Harris, O, (1995) British Veterinary Journal, Mar/Apr 1995. v. 151 (2)

Lack of facilities in Australia to test livestock suspected of infection with Lyme disease (Page 11).

The submission can be found here.

http://www.lymedisease.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/WALAScopingStudySubmission.pdf

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An extensive collection of research regarding the role birds in the transmission cycle of Lyme disease has been compiled on the website of Australian researcher (and Lyme patient), Karen Smith.

Transmission via blood, tissue and organ donations

The LDAA has repeatedly raised concerns about the lack of screening of Australian blood supplies for Borrelia and known co-infections.

http://www.donateblood.com.au/faq/the-donation-process/what-tests-do-the-blood-service-perform-on-donated-blood%20

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At this time, public safety relies on voluntary,,'opting out,, of blood and organ donation programs by those who are aware they are infected with Lyme disease and co-infections. This is of major concern, given the number of people in the Australian population likely to be undiagnosed with these infections.

The LDAA again raised the concerns in the formal response to the DoH Scoping Study (pages 39-40) in relation to public risk through blood transfusions.

http://www.donateblood.com.au/faq/the-donation-process/what-tests-do-the-blood-service-perform-on-donated-blood%20

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The LDAA's Patient-Focused Action Plan, appended to the Scoping Study Response, called for:

http://www.lymedisease.org.au/part-2-lyme-politics/#wants

Screening of blood for Borrelia, Babesia, and other known co-infections.

Notification to organ donors to withdraw from program after suspected tick bites.

Research supporting concerns about potential transmission through blood include:

US studies have found Borrelia “may survive storage under blood banking conditions and that transfusion-related Lyme disease is theoretically possible”
Nadelman RB, Sherer C, Mack L, Pavia CS & Wormser GP. 1990, Survival of Borrelia burgdorferi in human blood stored under blood banking conditions , Transfusion, 30(4):298-301.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2349627

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An article raising concerns about the transfusion-based transfusion was published.

Leiby DA. 2011, Transfusion-associated babesiosis: shouldn't we be ticked off? Annals of internal medicine 155(8), 556-557.

http://annals.org/aim/article/475003/transfusion-associated-babesiosis-shouldn-t-we-ticked-off

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Sexual transmission

There is a growing body of anecdotal evidence among the Australian Lyme community indicating that Lyme disease may be sexually transmitted. This anecdotal evidence is supported, at this stage, by limited scientific research; however Lyme patients are urged to practice safe sex as a precaution.

A 2001 study found that sexual partners of Lyme patients were likely to carry Borrelia themselves. Bach G. 2001 April, ‘Recovery of Lyme spirochetes by PCR in semen samples of previously diagnosed Lyme disease patients’, International Scientific Conference on Lyme disease.

http://www.anapsid.org/lyme/bach.html

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Newly published research provides evidence that Borrelia burgdorferi may be transmissible through both vaginal secretions and seminal fluid, again suggesting sexual transmission.
Middelveen, MJ, Bandoski, C, Burke J, Sapi E, Mayne PJ, Stricker RB, 2104, ‘Isolation and Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi from Human Vaginal and Seminal Secretions’, Presented at the Western Regional Meeting of the American Federation for Medical Research, Carmel, CA, January 25, 2014.

In an interview regarding this research, Australia’s Dr Peter Mayne said, “...the presence of the Lyme spirochete in genital secretions and identical strains in married couples strongly suggests that sexual transmission of the disease occurs.”

http://www.prweb.com/releases/2014/01/prweb11506441.htm

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dr.Kurkiewicz

http://lymepoland.com/pliki/poradnik-pacjenta.pdf.

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Recent study suggests that Lyme disease can be sexually transmitted

https://www.lymedisease.org/lyme-sexual-transmission-2/

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A 2001 study found that sexual partners of Lyme patients were likely to carry Borrelia themselves. Bach G. 2001 April, ‘Recovery of Lyme spirochetes by PCR in semen samples of previously diagnosed Lyme disease patients’, International Scientific Conference on Lyme disease.

http://www.anapsid.org/lyme/bach.html

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http://www.onlineprnews.com/news/454866-1390261507-lyme-disease-may-be-sexually-transmitted-study-suggests.html

 

Lyme disease can be transmitted sexually

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http://whatislyme.com/recovery-of-lyme-spirochetes-by-pcr-in-semen-samples-of-previously-diagnosed-lyme-disease-patients/

Lyme spirochetes recovered in semen of Lyme positive patients

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http://lymediseaseresource.com/wordpress/the-risk-of-getting-infected-with-lyme-disease-in-the-bedroom/

The presence of the Lyme spirochete in genital secretions and identical strains in married couples strongly suggests that sexual transmission of the disease occurs

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http://player.vimeo.com/video/37137701

Lyme transmitted through sexual contact and from mother to child congenitally

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http://lymediseaseresource.com/wordpress/lyme-disease-on-the-rise-sexual-transmission/

Laboratory studies confirm the existence of Lyme spirochetes in semen/vaginal secretions.

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http://www.myfoxdc.com/video clipId=10214080&autostart=true#axzz3393SezSP

Video newscast Lyme can be sexually transmitted

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http://safersex.education/can-lyme-disease-be-sexually-transmitted/

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http://www.livingwithlyme.com/images/Lyme_Disease_The_Unknown_Epidemic.pdf

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If Lyme disease is sexually transmitted, what are the implications for the general population? An editorial published online on August 21, 2015, in the prominent infectious disease journal Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy explores what happens if Lyme disease morphs from a tickborne illness into a sexually transmitted disease

http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1586/14787210.2015.1081056

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The authors point out that contact and/or sexual transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi was demonstrated in mouse and dog models more than 25 years ago. Around the same time, sexual transmission of the Lyme spirochete was demonstrated by Russian researchers in ticks that transmit the disease to humans. Those studies have never been repeated.

http://www.prohealth.com/library/showarticle.cfm?libid=21170

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The study — presented at the annual Western Regional Meeting of the American Federation for Medical Research — a collaborative effort by an international team of scientists — tested semen samples and vaginal secretions of three groups of patients to investigate whether passing Lyme disease to a partner through unprotected sex is a possibility. The study observed control subjects without evidence of Lyme disease, random subjects who tested positive for Lyme disease, and married heterosexual couples engaging in unprotected sex who tested positive for the disease. The presence of B. burgdorferi and identical strains of the bacterium were of particular interest to the researchers in unprotected sex in spouses.

 

The control subjects were found to test negative for the bacterium in semen samples or vaginal secretions, as expected by the researchers. The researchers found traces of B. burgdorferi in the vaginal secretions of all women with Lyme disease. In contrast, approximately half of the men with the disease tested positive for the bacterium in semen samples. In addition, one of the heterosexual couples with Lyme disease were found to have identical strains of the bacterium in their genital secretions

http://www.collective-evolution.com/2015/04/16/lyme-disease-the-cdcs-greatest-coverup-what-they-dont-want-you-to-know/

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Abstract

Lyme disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi has become a major worldwide epidemic. In this article, we explore the clinical, epidemiological and experimental evidence for sexual transmission of Lyme disease in animal models and humans. Although the likelihood of sexual transmission of the Lyme spirochete remains speculative, the possibility of Lyme disease transmission via intimate human contact merits further study

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26489537

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A new study suggests that Lyme disease may be sexually transmitted. The study was presented at the annual Western Regional Meeting of the American Federation for Medical Research, and an abstract of the research was published in the January issue of the Journal of Investigative Medicine.

Lyme disease is a tickborne infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, a type of corkscrew-shaped bacteria known as a spirochete (pronounced spiro’keet). The Lyme spirochete resembles the agent of syphilis, long recognized as the epitome of sexually transmitted diseases. Last summer the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced that Lyme disease is much more common than previously thought, with over 300,000 new cases diagnosed each year in the United States. That makes Lyme disease almost twice as common as breast cancer and six times more common than HIV/AIDS.

“Our findings will change the way Lyme disease is viewed by doctors and patients,” said Marianne Middelveen, lead author of the study presented in Carmel. “It explains why the disease is more common than one would think if only ticks were involved in transmission.”

Reference: http://journals.lww.com/jinvestigativemed/Citation/2014/01000/Western_Regional_Meeting_Abstracts.18.aspx
The Journal of Investigative Medicine 2014;62:280-281
Presented at the Western Regional Meeting of the American Federation for Medical Research, Carmel, CA, January 25, 2014.
http://afmr.org/Western/
Additional information: officemanager(at)usmamed(dot)com

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http://www.treatlyme.net/treat-lyme-book/can-lyme-be-sexually-transmitted-yes

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Newly published research provides evidence that Borrelia burgdorferi may be transmissible through both vaginal secretions and seminal fluid, again suggesting sexual transmission.
Middelveen, MJ, Bandoski, C, Burke J, Sapi E, Mayne PJ, Stricker RB, 2104, ‘Isolation and Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi from Human Vaginal and Seminal Secretions’, Presented at the Western Regional Meeting of the American Federation for Medical Research, Carmel, CA, January 25, 2014.